Adaptive Forwarding to Match Mobility Characteristics in Delay Tolerant Networks
نویسندگان
چکیده
In this paper, we propose an adaptive and opportunistic forwarding mechanism that is able to match mobility characteristics in Delay Tolerant Networks (DTNs). Our protocol, Seeker, empowers nodes with the ability to estimate future contact opportunities based on a history of pair-wise contacts. Furthermore, Seeker is able to adjust and rewind forwarding and buffering decisions on the fly. This ensures a good trade-off between reliability and resource-efficiency, even when disconnections are frequent and hard to predict. Essentially, the novelties of Seeker are (1) its ability to estimate good relays without having a global network view and (2) its flexibility to operate under different conditions. These features are particularly important as in DTNs, devices are further restricted by strict resource constraints and a contemporaneous path may never exist between two nodes in the network. Using simulations based on a synthetic mobility model and real mobility traces, we show that Seeker is able to adapt its forwarding accordingly in diverse scenarios and achieves high performance with low overhead. Key-words: opportunistic forwarding, buffer management, contact prediction, contact history maintenance, delay tolerant networks ∗ TU-Berlin. † Technion. in ria -0 03 56 60 1, v er si on 2 24 M ay 2 00 9 Acheminement Adaptive aux Caractéristiques de Mobilité dans des Réseaux Tolérants aux Délais Résumé : Ce travail porte sur la proposition d’un mécanisme d’acheminement adaptive et opportuniste, capable de correspondre aux caractéristiques de mobilité dans les réseaux tolérants aux délais (DTN). Notre proposition, Seeker, permet aux nIJuds d’estimer les possibilités futures de contact en se basant sur une histoire de paires de contacts. En outre, Seeker, est capable de s’adapter et de réévaluer à la volée les décisions d’acheminement et de stockage. Cela assure un bon compromis entre la fiabilité et l’efficacité des ressources, même lorsque les déconnexions sont fréquentes et difficiles à prévoir. Essentiellement, les nouveautés de Seeker sont (1) sa capacité d’estimer la bonne relais sans avoir une vue globale du réseau et (2) sa flexibilité pour fonctionner dans des conditions variées. Ces fonctionnalités sont particulièrement importantes dans DTNs, où les appareils ont des ressources limités et où un chemin peut ne jamais exister entre deux noeuds du réseau. En utilisant des simulations basées sur des modèles synthétiques de mobilité et des traces réelles de mobilité, nous montrons que Seeker est en mesure d’adapter conformément son acheminement dans des différents scénarios et possède une performance élevée en générant de faible surcharge. Mots-clés : routage opportuniste, acheminement adaptive, mobilité, réseaux tolérants aux délais, estimation de contactes in ria -0 03 56 60 1, v er si on 2 24 M ay 2 00 9 Adaptive Forwarding to Match Mobility Characteristics in DTNs 3
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